The Hidden Facts About About My Self Revealed by an Expert

The Hidden Facts About About My Self Revealed by an Expert The Downside Risk of about My Self And it is a process, it requires a while. It is the procedure of gathering information about yourself to be able to make an educated career choice. Self-assessment is the initial step of the career planning practice. One needs to think creatively to be able to break down a problem in the smaller and more manageable components. In addition, I pay attention in class the majority of the time too. Regardless of what's the objective of your essay, there's a preset number of points you will be expected to tackle. You're able to pick any myself essay given below based on your need and requirement. Be certain to inspect the course out so that you can write the most effective personal essay possible. You will likely answer that if we do anything which inspire people, then they're going to begin taking interest on ourselves. I am quite sympathetic girl and attempt to support aged people and kids in my personal colony or on the manner. I actually stopped drinking for a little while. Ahaan, or so the problem lies with men! about My Self - the Story I think that friendship is just one of the main values in human life. To my mind hobbies differ like tastes and should you have selected a hobby depending on your character you're lucky, as your life grows more interesting and pleasurable. My buddies say I am an incredibly funny and an intriguing girl with a fantastic sense of humor. It is frequently the inner child within us that needs healing, what you've been feeling since childhood might not be true and triggers plenty of stress. True, but not everybody is a pure writer. I am interested in being a footballer. You may also think about an ending that mirrors the start of your essay. There are a couple ideas to keep in mind to properly end this type of essay. You may inspire yourself by reading a minumum of one quote daily. Try to remember, your private essay might be the truth, but it doesn't indicate you shouldn't consider it from a creative writing mindset. Don't forget that the world isn't out to secure you and it doesn't punish you. I reside in Sabah that is situated in Borneo. I'm a hero and I am prepared to step in the duty of intending good for the world. The true story will be a lot more interesting and believable if it's true without embellishments. I've done three four paintings which have been put up at my house. They are confident that books have started to lose their prestige and value. I have finished reading this book a great deal of times and I consider that it's a masterpiece of love genre. The Ultimate About My Self Trick The very best non-professional editor is a person who can write and can be impartial. If at all possible, get a great editor. For example, if you've got an inclination to be late or to look at your phone frequently, you will want to curb those habits in front of a work interview. The recording will provide you with a rough idea about what you wish to say and the overall flow of the narrative. An individual, who's merely a keen observer can't be a fantastic researcher, but a very good researcher must also possess the caliber of having the ability to jot down his results, in a comprehensible fashion, so that valid conclusions could be drawn out of it.

The Battles of the French and Indian War

The battles of the French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years War,  were fought around the globe making the conflict the first truly global war. While fighting began in North America, it soon spread and consumed Europe and colonies as far-flung as India and the Philippines. In the process, names such as Fort Duquesne, Rossbach, Leuthen, Quebec, and Minden joined the annals of military history. While armies sought supremacy on land, the combatants fleets met in notable encounters such as Lagos and Quiberon Bay. By the time the fighting ended, Britain had gained an empire in North America and India, while Prussia, though battered, had established itself as a power in Europe. French Indian/Seven Years War Battles: By Theater Year 1754 Battle of Fort Necessity/Great Meadows - North America 1755 Battle of the Monongahela - North AmericaBattle of Lake George - North America 1757 Battle of Plassey - IndiaSiege of Fort William Henry - North America 1758 Siege of Louisbourg - North AmericaBattle of Carillon - North America 1759 Battle of Fort Niagara - North AmericaBattle of Quebec - North AmericaBattle of Quiberon Bay - Europe 1763 Pontiacs Rebellion - North America

How Existentialism and Psychoanalysis Influenced Frankl

Before an in-depth look at how existentialism and psychoanalysis influenced Frankl, let take a look at what each of these theories mean. Existentialism became identified with a cultural movement that blossomed in Europe during the forties and fifties; this term adopted by Jean-Paul Sartre as a self-description in Sartre and his associates postwar literary and philosophical writings. â€Å"By the mid 1970s the cultural image of existentialism had become a clichà ©, parodized in countless books and films by Woody Allen.† (123 Help me) According one website I researched, all about philosophy states the definition of Existentialism is: â€Å"Existentialism is a 20th century philosophy concerned with human existence, finding self, and the meaning of†¦show more content†¦Applying a broad definition of sexuality, he called these periods’ psychosexual stages. During each stage, the pleasure-seeking impulses of the id focus on, and derive pleasure from, a particular area of the body and in activities connected with that area†. (123 helpme) Freud’s theories parallels with what I was taught in young child development class that during the first five years, the groundwork for the child’s personality, morals and values had been laid and practically sealed.† o Psychoanalytic therapy normally has two stages: 1.the release of repression, thereby allowing the conflict to enter consciousness, and, 2.the redirection of the emotional energy (libido) associated with the repression thereby allowing the patients ego to gain control of the conflict. With the fore mention examples of existentialism and psychoanalysis, a relevant connection can be made in how Frankl’s views could have been influenced. As Frankl’s states on page 162: Optimism like happiness cannot ordered or forced it must be ensue, A human being is not one in pursuit of happiness but rater in search for a reason to be happy. Existential and psychoanalysis both seem to build off a person’s inner self, their core individuality and decides from there what they will or won’t endure for themselves or for others be it family, love ones and or friends. Where Marxism relates mostly to a society rather than an individual within a society as shown in the below excerptShow MoreRelatedA Critical Analysis Of Two Counselling Theories : Existential Therapy And Psychoanalytic Therapy2004 Words   |  9 Pagesopposing views of human nature and therapeutic goals. A key concept of existential therapy is the relationship between freedom and responsibility. In contrast to the determinist view of psychoanalytic therapy, existentialism states that individual is always free â€Å"to choose one’s way† (Frankl, 1963, p. 104). From the multitude of potential responses that could occur in reaction to stimuli, it is the individual alone who chooses what action to take (May, 1975, p. 100). A result of this freedom is theRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 PagesEssentialism vs. Existentialism Essentialism: A belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible agent, determining their own development through acts of the will. Existentialism * is

Sex in the Media Essay - 3039 Words

Sex in the Media One of the most important resources of a business is its advertisement team. Due to the fact that people can and will buy your product only if they know about it. This is the reason that marketing and advertisement have the biggest budgets in a business. This is the reason that places such as Amazon.com spend up to four million dollars on advertisement a year, according to Dream-Biz.com written by Burke Hedges. There is a saying that goes Sex-sells is this true? Most people would argue that it does. Since choosing this topic it has forced me to see everything different. When I sit and watch television I can?t help but notice all of the strong sexual messages that are being thrown at me†¦show more content†¦These urges are perfectly natural. So experiment. Explore. Even play the field. When fruits join together, it?s a very special thing.? Cadbury Schweppes? the owners of Snapple feel so strongly about these commercials that they have invested over 33 million doll ars. They obviously must be working but advertisements are supposed to expose the consumers to your product. Maybe I?m just a little uptight when I expect the commercial to tell me something about the product. For years music videos have been venues in which artist can show off other performing skills may it be acting or dancing. They were originally created for promotional purposes. These promotions are generally used to show the artist in a different light. Of course there are commercials for artist?s records as well. One commercial in particular bothered me. There is an RB artist by the name of ?Tank? it is obvious that he cares about his appearance because of his well chilled physique, but he has one commercial where he is working out; doing sets of bench-presses, push-up, pull-ups and so forth. What bothers me about the commercial is that you don?t hear any of his music and just watch him work out. From my understanding what the consumer is buying is his music and not his body. I know that sex sells but it seems to me that advertisers no longer want to do any work, just slap an attractive body on screen or paper and call it a day. Negative Effects ofShow MoreRelatedSex in the Media Essay1283 Words   |  6 PagesSexuality in the media has been a widely discussed topic amongst people for many years. Sexuality isnt portrayed only on television, but in magazines, advertisements, and movies. Is sexuality in media really necessary? Does sex actually help advertising? How do people respond to this? These questions are all important when deciding what is appropriate and what isnt. People in todays society are largely focused on sexuality. Sexuality is what is hip now and its popularity is getting biggerRead MoreSex, Sex And The Media, By Victor Strasburger863 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship should appear. Media often portrays intercourse as something to be taken lightly and that negative consequences are a rare occurrence. What is the effect of the misrepresentation of sex in the media on teenage sexuality? Christina Grant (2003) provides a careful evaluation of this question in â€Å"Teens, Sex and the Media: Is there a Connection?† leaning slightly towards the argument that sex in the media has a negative impact on adolescents. In â€Å"Teenage Sex and the Media,† Victor Strasburger (2012)Read More Sex in the Media Essay1952 Words   |  8 Pages Sex plays a major role in todays society. From television, radio, music, and advertisements, to video games, the Internet, art and pictures, all forms of media use sex to help sell their products. With the public being exposed to so many different types of media, the overuse of sex is common. Is sex a useful tool, or a ploy to get the attention of the public? Before discussing sex in the media, one must understand why it has come to be that people use sex as a gimmick. The writingRead MoreSex and Violence in Media2268 Words   |  10 PagesSex and Violence in Media In todays society, sex and violence is practically in every movie you see. Most box office hits are filled with a variety of violence, like the Matrix or a variety of sexual content, like American Pie. The violence and sex content in these movies make it appealing to viewers, especially young audiences. But, the effects of watching these movies could be damaging, especially if the child is not being supervised while watching these movies. Sigmund Freud had his views onRead More Sex Violence in the Media Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesSex Violence in the Media On February 1, 2004, millions of Americans sat down around their television sets with their family and friends to watch the biggest sports event of the year: Super Bowl XXXVIII. Inside the Reliant Stadium of Houston, Texas, the New England Patriots beat the Carolina Panthers 32-29 in one of the closest games in recent history; but this year it wasn’t the football game or even the commercials that had people talking. It was an incident that occurred during the halftimeRead MoreSex and Media around the World813 Words   |  3 PagesSociety has deemed â€Å"sex† the most popular and searched for word on the internet today. Anytime anyone turns on the television or listens to the radio we hear sexual explicate lyrics or see sexual visuals in some form or another. This common, explicit and casual treatment of sex and sexuality in our society is doing more harm than good. Maintaining the biblical standards of sexuality, the love shared between a husband and a wife, is becomi ng a dying institution of lust versus love. Sex and human sexualityRead More Media Advertising and Sex Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pagesthat â€Å"sex sells.† So, many advertisers will use beautiful women and men in their advertisements to try to market a product. The hope is that â€Å"sex will sell,† and people will go out and buy what the ads are selling. There are many advertisements and commercials that use this approach. Prime examples of this are the advertisements for Orbit Gum and A Diamond is Forever. Also, the commercials for Levi jeans use sex to promote the sale of their brand. As a way to explain how and why the media usesRead MoreUnrealistic Portrayal of Sex in Media1364 Words   |  5 Pages movies, music, magazines, and the Internet constantly portray sex unrealistically. The media advertises sex, but rarely promotes healthy sexual behavior (sex, sexuality..). Due to the lack of parental guidance, adolescents turn to the media to teach them about sex. Adolescents take their image very seriously and will do anything to be popular and cool- even if it means subjecting themselves to the views and standards that the media has set. On average, adolescents spend twelve hours per week watchingRead MoreEssay about Sex in the Media1710 Words   |  7 PagesMedia Essay Advanced Composition No Means No I dont believe in rape. No means no. Wait, if no meant no, all men would die a virgin. No means work on the neck, the nipples and come back in five minutes. Im not saying a father should give this version of the birds and bees to his son. Listen shes gonna block your hands four or five times at least. I didnt raise you to be a quitter out there now did I. She wouldnt dress like that if she didnt want to get fingered. Comedian, Daniel Tosh expressedRead MoreSex, Young Adults, and The Media Essay616 Words   |  3 PagesThe media plays a very big role in the lives of young adults today. Whether it is watching Access Hollywood, checking Perez Hilton’s blog religiously or watching fictitious TV shows and movies every night. All of the media in today’s society must add up to some influence on the teens of America. The media today mostly has lust and sex selling us products on television commercials or provocative ads in magazines, or the media just entertains us for hours on end. The media rarely has a positive influence

The World Of 1984 Scared Me - 1442 Words

Total surveillance. Complete obedience. Absolute authority. The world of 1984 scared me when I first read the book last year. Never before had a book made me think so deeply about individuality, society, and government. 1984, a manifestation of my nightmares, described a totalitarian police state of resolute submission. The horror came when I looked upon our own society, and Big Brother glared back at me. We live in a world where every phone call, every text, every search, and every email can be monitored and recorded by our own government. The National Security Agency, or the NSA, was originally proposed to monitor threats outside of the United States, but the NSA began domestic surveillance shortly after the horrific terror attacks of 2001. This cleared the way for warrantless, unlawful tracking of American citizens. Initially, the program collected only the data of high-risk individuals in America with direct links to Al-Qaeda. Now, however, government data collection has spread t o millions of otherwise innocent citizens. Government surveillance is a direct violation of the privacy of American citizens that is dangerous, immoral, and unlawful. It is important to realize the dangers of government surveillance; personal information containing sensitive details about an individual s private life put in the wrong hands or otherwise used incorrectly could potentially have disastrous repercussions. In today s interconnected world, everything that is said and done online isShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of George Orwell s 19841423 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel 1984 by George Orwell, the Party has many strategies and tactics that help them have complete control of the people of Oceania. The control the Party has maintained gives them the ability to manipulate people as a result. The Party takes away the people’s freedom to have a say in their government and become their own person. They use their power to an extreme against the people rather than to help the people. The Party takes advantage of every opportunity to instill fear in the citizensRead MoreCause and Effect Essay770 Words   |  4 Pagesand Effect Essay The first horror movie I ever saw I can remember like it was yesterday I walked into a dark movie theater the first time without my parents excited and scared all at the same time, it was my first time seeing a horror movie. It was the summer of 1984 everybody was talking about this scary movie that they had saw with this scary guy with knives for fingers. Yes I am talking about the first Nightmare on Elm Street. It was Supposed to be one of the scariestRead More1984 and Nazism1401 Words   |  6 Pageswith the fact that George Orwell’s vision, in his book 1984, didn’t come true. Though many people worried that the world might actually come to what Orwell thought, the year 1984 came and went and the world that Orwell created was something people did not have to worry about anymore. Many people have wondered what was happening in Orwell’s life and in his time that would inspire him to create this politically motivated book. A totalitarian world where one person rules and declares what is a crime andRead MoreEssay on 1984 Big Brother’s Dystopian World1015 Words   |  5 Pages2011 Big Brother’s Dystopian World Dystopia: a society characterized by human misery and oppression. A Dystopian world is controlled by a government that can do no wrong. They weed out the individuals and groups that have the thought or intend to commit their lives to â€Å"dethroning† the ruler; Big Brother. The government will do anything to protect their way of life. They will go to the extremes of changing the past to control the future. In the novel 1984 by George Orwell, the citizensRead MoreControlling The People Of Oceania1505 Words   |  7 PagesControlling the People of Oceania In the novel 1984 by George Orwell, the Party develops multiple strategies and tactics that allow them to gain complete control over the people of Oceania. As a result, the Party has the ability to manipulate people. Through the use of this power, the Party eradicates any and all individuality including the freedom to intervene in governmental development. Instead of using surveillance methods to help the people, they use them to gain control. The Party instillsRead MoreEssay about Betrayal In George Orwells 1984966 Words   |  4 Pagesplot seamlessly, making a creative transition of ideas from the author’s mind, to the reader’s. There is no doubt that George Orwell is a masterful writer, and one of his most popular works, 1984, clearly expresses his negative views of the Totalitarian government. A common theme in the dystopian society in 1984 is betrayal: The Party is very intolerant towards any form of disloyalty, and anyone who plots against them or Big Brother w ill eventually either betray their own mind and accept Big BrotherRead MoreThe Creation Of A Surveillance State1449 Words   |  6 PagesState Total surveillance. Complete obedience. Absolute authority. The world of 1984 scared me when I first read the book last year. Never before had a book made me think so deeply about individuality, society, and government. 1984, a manifestation of my nightmares, described a totalitarian police state of resolute submission. The horror came when I looked upon our own society, and Big Brother glared back at me. We live in a world where every phone call, every text, every search, and every email canRead MoreThe Problem Of Self-Expression In 1984 By George Orwell848 Words   |  4 Pages(Orwell70). In George Orwells 1984 he shows the authority a government can have on ones life even when all they want is self-expression. Many are too frightened to rebel, yet when one does it impacts his life forever. Even though the society of 1984 by George Orwell claims to be complete and total censorship, the problem of wanting more self-expression is still evident which is shown through indirect charact erization, symbolism, and themes. George Orwell 1984 utilizes components of indirectRead MoreThe Masses And The Dystopian Novel Elysium Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesThe connection between these texts is they all feature compliancy of the masses, and all feature in some form of dystopian worlds. The texts all feature varying forms of dystopia, Bioshock features a dystopia brought on by evolutionary war, whereas brave new world features a world where the state has unlimited control over the technology and the people that rely on it. Paragraph 1 In Elysium, the film has an imaginary space station called â€Å"Elysium† this station hold only the most elite people, everybodyRead More Dangers of Totalitarianism in Orwells 1984 Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pages 1984 by George Orwell is an extremely negative outlook on a futuristic, seemingly utopian society. People inhabiting the land of Oceania are enslaved to the government, most without even realizing it. The Party uses its many members to enforce its methods of control on the population. While a bit extreme, Orwell was attempting to warn people about the dangers of totalitarianism. The story focuses largely on the tactics of the Party?s manipulation. The major aspects of the aforementioned control

According To An Article In Usa Today, “Illegal Immigration

According to an article in USA today, â€Å"Illegal Immigration population declines† Thomas Frank writes, â€Å"The number of illegal immigrants in the USA fell for the first time in at least four years, as the nations tough economy discourages people from sneaking into the USA†. Illegal immigration has been on an all time rise for the last 4 to five years, as the nations economy struggles to stay out of a depression. I believe illegal immigration has a great effect on how the economy is doing. It cost the nation millions and billions of dollars to pay for the problems that also come with illegal immigration. One large problem is the smuggling of drugs and other illegal things that come over are borders, with an already rising problem with gangs and†¦show more content†¦The final and one of the worst problems that comes with illegal immigration is the fact that many of these immigrants will work for less than minimum wage. The why this is a problem is because t here is a reason for minimum wage in this country so that everyone gets somewhat of a honest pay for a days work but when an illegal immigrant will work for nothing then greedy employers will hire these immigrants so they can make more money off there business illegally. This also takes jobs away from U.S. citizens who want to work for an honest days pay. With the United States rising unemployment rates we can not afford to give jobs out to people that are here illegally. Illegal immigration devastates our economy in the United States in all of these ways and makes it harder for the honest citizens of the United States to live in there own country. Many people may argue that the United States was founded and built on immigration but the country was not built on illegal immigration. The united states already allow immigrants into our country legally. There is no good that comes out of illegal immigration because there is no moderation of it we are just having a free for all at the bo rders and there fore letting criminals and maybe even terrorist into the United States illegally and un-detected. I think that one of the mainShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Over Illegal Immigrants1594 Words   |  7 Pagesour government giving false reassurance concerning the risk of infectious diseases being spread by illegal immigrants? Are they basing our risk of infection on another country study results who â€Å"closely matches our TB program? Has the debate and concern over illegal immigrants in the United States sparked fears among health authorities about the spread of tuberculosis? According to a medical news article entitled, History of Tuberculosis, â€Å"Tuberculosis has around since ancient times, it existed 15,000Read MoreThe Language of the Land: Learn It or Leave Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pagesso called free country. The problem with this belief is that due to the lack of English speaking immigrants, Americas under-class is growing rapidly, because language barriers create obstacles in the pursuit of higher paying positions. According to an article in ProEnglish, an organization in support of English as our common language, in 2005, millions of immigrants cannot find good-paying jobs because of their lack of ability to speak English with customers, co-workers and employers (Why OfficialRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is The Act Of Migrating Across A National Border1310 Words   |  6 Pages By its nature, illegal immigration is hard to measure and control. But to fully understand the solutions and properly analyze them; the origin, causes, and effects must be clear. Illegal immigration is the act of migrating across a national border without a legalized permission from the target country. Illegal immigration has long been a problem in the USA since the latter half of the 20th century. In spite of all the laws that was issued the door was left open especially for the Mexican immigrantsRead More American Citizenship and Immigration Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesToday the Society is split into three separately minded groups. In no specific ordering, the first is determined to believe that any one person born in the United States is a citizen and which means their parents should become citizens along with them. These are the ones whom obtain â€Å"birthright citizenship† (Raul). The second are firm believers in the only ones that should be citizens are the ones who go through the proper process of becoming a citizen and according to the article in â€Å"USA todayRead MoreEffects of Immigration on the Economy Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pages| Illegal Immigrants Are They A Stress On Our Economy. | | | Joanna Przyborski | 10/27/2012 | | Illegal immigration is an issue that has been highly debated in the United States for decades, and the effects of these immigrants will be for many to come, especially with the country in a recession and many people in economic trouble. December 1, 2008 the National Bureau of Economic Research officially declared the U.S. in a recession. Before 2007, U.S. economy has grown inRead MoreIllegal Immigrants1298 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 27, 2012 The Benefits of Illegal Immigrants Are illegal immigrants or undocumented immigrants beneficial to America’s economy? Most illegal immigrants have a positive impact on the United States (U.S.) economy. Illegal immigrants have a positive impact on the United States economy because they increase our tax revenue, they add to our social security, and they also increase our employment rates.† In 2000, statistics revealed 8.7 million illegal immigrants resided in the United States†Read MoreBorder Security Deal Boosts Immigration Bill Prospects Essay2075 Words   |  9 PagesAlan, G., USA, T. (n.d): Border-security deal boosts immigration bill prospects. usa today. In this article, the author have related how to reinforce the U.S border from the inflow of illegal immigrants from Mexico and regularized those immigrants who already live in U.S .The worries that bill devoted be used to provide more manpower, fencing and technology on the border with Mexico is minimized. The U.S decision makers are divided about illegal immigration issue .One group decides to investRead MoreImmigration, America s Advantage By Lee Habeeb And Mike Leven1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthe issue of immigration. Legal immigration is a great benefit to our society, and if we can control and harness immigration, it will better our country for years to come. While illegal immigration is an enormous problem that needs to be solved, legal immigration is a great asset to our economy and American society as a whole. In their commentary, â€Å"Immigration, America’s Advantage†, Lee Habeeb and Mike Leven make several interesting statements. They spend the first part of the article describingRead MoreThe United States Immigration System1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States’ immigration system has several flaws that no one seems to know how to address. There have been several attempts to correct these flaws like accommodating immigrants with the Dream Act and trying to eliminate illegal entries into the U.S by spending billions of dollars on border patrol. However, there are flaws in those attempts also. For example, according to Daniel Gonzalez, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (DACA) recipients are having a hard time finding jobs and, in someRead MoreIn Search of a Dream Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesdemanding and better paying job. Yet, in 2003 the labor of undocumented workers gave $7 billion in taxes into Social Security but they cannot claim those officiall y. Illegal immigrants in the U.S. cannot access public services easily and because of their illegal status they have to restrict some activities from their lives. Many illegal workers ignore the fact that they actually have rights, even though they are not citizens and that deprives them from living a better life. In part, this is the result

Essay on Liraglutide Novel Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes...

Substantial advancement has been built in recent years in the development of pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes. The most recent developments have been around the incretin hormones. Glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonists (GLP-1) have demonstrated efficacy and safety in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Liraglutide (Victoza) is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that has demonstrated advantages in lower hemoglobin A1c in this class of medications and assisting patients in reducing weight. Liraglutide: Novel treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes is rapidly becoming the top health concerns in the United States and a major contributor to health care spending and disability. There are an estimated 22.3 million people†¦show more content†¦1033). Initial treatment of type 2 diabetes involves lifestyle modifications (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2014, p. S31). With obesity as the leading risk factor of type 2 diabetes, initial interventions are based around patient education, increasing physical activity, reducing weight, and increasing lean muscle mass. The American Diabetes Association standards of care published in 2014 recommends a moderate weight loss of 7% of total body weight and increasing activity to 150 minutes per week (ADA, 2014, p. S31). Modest loss of weight and increase of physical activity has a significant impact on the reduction of insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, and delay in the onset of type 2 diabetes. If lifestyle modifications and education interventions are not effective or if the severity of illness is more advanced, the provider should consider pharmacological interventions in addition to ongoing education and lifestyle changes. There is growing number of medications to treat diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes. Each medication alters the main dysfunction of diabetes, hyperglycemia through various routes. Much like hypertension, diabetes is a multifactorial disease with multiple system dysfunctions. These dysfunctions result in the altered metabolism of glucose, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Medications used to treat these dysfunctions works onShow MoreRelatedLiraglutide: Novel Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Essay3378 Words   |  14 Pagesagonists (GLP-1). There are two drugs in this class that are currently available, exenatide (Byetta, Bydurian) and liraglutide (Victoza) (LexiComp, 2014). These medications mimic the actions of endogenous GLP-1. Endogenous GLP-1 is secreted from the L-cells in the colon and ileum in response to the ingestion of nutrients (Ryan, Foster, Jobe, 2011, p. 794). GLP-1 has a half-life of 2 minutes due to the action of the DPP-4 enzymes. GLP-1 agonists o vercome this issue by having an altered structureRead MoreTherapy For Diabetes : Conclusion Or Illusion? Essay904 Words   |  4 PagesGLP-1-GASTRIN AGONIST BASED THERAPY FOR DIABETES: CONCLUSION OR ILLUSION? Keywords: diabetes mellitus, dual agonist, gastrin, GLP-1, glucose tolerance Abbreviations: ÃŽ ²-cell, pancreatic beta-cell; DDP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1, gluacgon-like-peptide-1; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; PPAR-ÃŽ ³, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-ÃŽ ³ TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Revised Commentary 2 1.1 Main Findings 2 1.2 A Repeat of History 4 References 6 2. Feedback Received from PeersRead MoreThe Role of DPP-4 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1828 Words   |  8 PagesAs the incidence of type 2 diabetes is steadily increasing, the demand for treatment options is increasing. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4) are a new class of oral anti-hyperglycemic medications that target the incretin system found in the gut. Evidence has shown that treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors has shown significant reductions in HbA1c and increased pancreatic ÃŽ ²-cell function without an increased risk of hypoglycemia. In this document, the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and incidence

Study Guide Ap Bio Ch 16-18 Free Essays

Study guide for Ch 16-18 Chapter 16 †¢ Alfred Hershey and Martha chase answered the question whether protein or DNA was the genetic material by using Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria). o Bacteriaphages were good for the experiment because they only contain 2 organic compounds, DNA and protein. †¢ James Watson and Francis Crick were the first to solve the structure (structure=function) of DNA. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guide Ap Bio Ch 16-18 or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢ X-ray crystallography( process used to visualize molecules in 3-D. †¢ DNA is a double helix- structure †¢ The nitrogenous bases of DNA are( adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). The 2 strands (the leading and the lagging strand) are antiparallel. o The leading strand goes in direction 5’ to 3’. o Lagging strand goes 3’ to 5’. Takes longer to replicate cause it’s built in fragments. †¢ Tip from the book(know these enzymes for replication: DNA polymerase, ligase, helicase, and topoisomerase. Know this enzyme for transcription(the role of RNA polymerase. †¢ Replication(making DNA from already existing DNA strand. DNA replication is semiconservative (1/2 of original DNA and the other ? is from new DNA strand). This is used by humans! A group of enzymes called DNA polymerases catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at replication fork. The overall direction of DNA replication goes from the origin to the fork. o DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing chain one by one; working in a 5’ to 3’ (DNA build strand (â€Å"new†) or RNA polymerase go 5’(3’ in the build strand). Parent strand DNA and RNA polymerase is 3’ to 5’. o DNA polymerase matches adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine o The lagging strand is synthesized in separate pieces called Okazaki fragments (which segments in 3’(5’), which are then sealed together by DNA Ligase. Forming a continuous DNA strand. †¢ Many factors in replication: o Base pairing in DNA replication( A=T/ G=C. o Mismatch repair(special repair enzymes fix incorrectly paired nucleotides o Nucleotide excision repair. †¢ Tip****(know the difference between replication (DNA to DNA), transcription (DNA to RNA), and translation (RNA to protein). †¢ In Eukaryotic cells, DNA and protein are packed together as chromatin. o Heterochromatin(very condensed chromatin. o Euchromatin(loosely condensed chromatin. Telemer region(small fragment of DNA that is lost during replication due to enzyme’s inability to attach the fragment on to the end of the DNA helix. (This is our biological clock). Chapter 17 †¢ Gene expression(the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins (or sometimes RNA). †¢ Transcription= DNA(RNA o Takes place in the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. †¢ Messenger RNA (mRNA) produced during transcription. It carries the genetic message of D NA to the protein making machinery of the cell in the cytoplasm, ie the ribosome. The mRNA triplets are called codons (a codon is a mRNA triplet). o mRNA is read codon by codon. ? Start codons and stop codons are used in the build strand the protein coding segment is between the start codon and stop codon in the build strand. †¢ They are written in the 5’ to 3’ direction. †¢ More than one codon codes for each of the 20 amino acids. Genetic code includes 64 codons (4 x 4 x 4). o The group must be read in the correct groupings in order for translation to be successful o 3 codons act as signal terminators (UAA, UAG, UGA) o AUG always has to be start codon. RNA polymerase(enzyme that separates the 2 DNA strands and connects the RNA nucleotides as they base-pair along the DNA template strand. o RNA pol. Can add RNA nucleotides only to the 3’ end of the strand. REMEMBER†¦ uracil replaces thymine when base pairing to adenine. ==difference betw DNA and RN A. o The DNA sequence at which RNA pol. Attaches is called the Promoter. o The DNA sequence that signals the end of transcription= Terminator. †¢ Transcription unit(the entire stretch of DNA that is transcribed into an RNA molecule. †¢ 3 main stages of transcription: from the book. Initiation (RNA polymerase that transcribes mRNA cannot bind to the promoter region without supporting help from proteins known as transcription factors. transcription factors assist the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter, thus the initiation of transcription) Notes: o Elongation (RNA polymerase moves along the DNA, continuing to untwist the double helix. RNA nucleotides are continually added to the 3’ end. As this happens, the double helix re-forms. Notes: †¢ Termination (RNA polymerase transcribes a terminator sequence in the DNA, the RNA transcript is released, and the polymerase detaches. There a couple of key post-transcriptional modifications to RNA( the addition of a 5à ¢â‚¬â„¢ cap and the addition of a poly A Tail (3’). †¢ RNA splicing also takes place in eukaryotic cells. Large portions of the newly synthesized RNA strand are removed. This is the parent strand. o The sections of the mRNA that are spliced out are called introns. o Sections that are spliced together by a spliceosome(exons. ? The new strand containing the exons is called the build strand, which runs in a direction of 5’ to 3’. Remember parent strand runs in 3’ to 5’. †¢ Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)( plays a major role in catalyzing the excision of the introns and joining of exons. o Ribozyme is when RNA serves a catalytic role. †¢ Translation: o 2 additional types of RNA play important roles in translation besides mRNA: ? Transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). †¢ tRNA functions in transferring amino acids from a pool of amino acids located in cytoplasm to a ribosome. These amino acids are incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain. At one end of a tRNA it loosely binds the amino acid, and at the other end it has a nucleotide triplet called an anticodon (allows it to pair specifically with a complementary codon on the mRNA). †¢ rRNA complexes with proteins to form the 2 sub units that form ribosomes. o Translation can be divided into 3 steps ? Initiation, Elongation, and Termination (descriptions of these steps can be found on pg 129-130 I got lazy so fuck off) †¢ The review guide goes into mutations on pg 130 but I think that you’re better off reading the guide than reading my description. Chapter 18 In bacteria, genes are often clustered into units called operons. †¢ Operon consists of 3 parts: o Operator: controls the access of RNA polymerase to the genes, it’s found within the promoter region. ? Normally in on position. In a repressible operon. o Promoter: where RNA polymerase attaches. o Genes of the operon: the entire stretch of DNA required for all the enzymes produced by the operon. †¢ Regulatory Genes(produce repressor proteins that may bind to the operator site. When a regulatory protein occupies the operator site, RNA pol. Is blocked from the genes of the operon. Repressible operon( normally on. It can be inhibited. This type of operon is normally anabolic. o The repressor protein produced by the regulatory gene is inactive. o If the organic molecule being produced by the operon is provided to the cell, t he molecule can act as a corepressor, and bind to the repressor protein(this activates it. ? The activated repressor protein binds to the operator site, shutting down the operon. †¢ The lac operon is inducible o Controls the production of B- galactosidase an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis (break down) of lactose into glucose and galactose ? Inducible operon(gene expression B-galactosidase is stimulated by the presence of a co inducer, lactose. †¢ Turns the repressor gene switch off. o This is notes on gene expression on tryptophan. Next stuff is from book. ? Inducible operon( normally off but can be activated. This type of operon is catabolic, breaking down food molecules for energy. The repressor protein produced by the regulatory gene is active. †¢ To turn the inducible operon on, a specific small molecule, called an inducer, binds to an inactivates the repressor protein. With the repressor out of the operator site, RNA polymerase can access the genes of the operon. o 2 regulatory mechanisms used to turn on lac operon ? Presence of lactose as co inducer ? Low amounts of glucose. †¢ These 2 are the only way for this shit to work yo! †¢ Differential gene expression in eukaryotic cell gene expression o The expression of different genes by cells with the same genome. †¢ Histone acetylation( acetyl groups are added to amino acids of histone proteins, thus making the chromatin less tightly packed and encouraging transcription. DNA methylation( the addition of methyl groups to DNA it causes chromatin to condense, thus reducing gene expression. o With the help of phosphorylation next to a methylated amino acid, chromatin becomes loosened and thus encouraging transcription. †¢ Epigenic inheritance( the inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence. †¢ Transcription initiation is where DN A control elements that bind transcription factors are involved in regulation. Control elements( multiple control elements(segments of non coding DNA that serve as binding sites for transcription factors that help regulate transcription. o This is necessary for the precise regulation of gene expression in diff cell types. o Proximal and Distal control elements. ? Proximal control element has to be right next to promoter anything else is distal. †¢ Transcription factors( o Enhancer regions are bound to the promoter region by proteins called activators. o Some transcription factors function as repressors, others function as activators. Extra stuff †¢ TATA box is at the beginning of promoter region. How to cite Study Guide Ap Bio Ch 16-18, Essay examples

Social Contract And Legitimacy Theory In Accounting

Question: Discuss about the Social Contract And Legitimacy Theory In Accounting. Answer: Introduction The idea of the social contract is developed in the late 17th Century and predates the European Enlightenment. English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (15881679) was the first person that detailed account of social contract theory in a series of works and out of these, the most famous of that is The Leviathan (1651). True and fair view (TFV) is an accounting concept that means financial standards are fairly and truly presented with followed the accounting standards. Moreover, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (three thinkers or contributors) those provided an alternative view to regulatory social contract theory that applicant in the TFV principles. This paper explains relevance of Hobbes, Lockes and Rousseau philosophy in the social contract to accounting. Other main aim is to describe the relevance of the social contract in the context of this paper. On the other hand, this paper is also explains the main concept/philosophy of social contract to accounting in the context of application of TFV principle. At the same time, this paper also explains the relevant philosophies and contributions of the main philosophers in the social contract theory. In the context of this research study, the main aim is to identify the TFV principle represents or not a social contract between the accounting professions. This paper conducts literature review to support the position with convincing arguments regarding the relevance and application of the social contract to Legitimacy Theory in accounting. TFV Represents a Social Contract between the Accounting Profession The proper discussion of the social contract theory is essential to understand the TFV (true and fair view) principle represents a social contract between the accounting professions. In this section, conducts critical review and explains the main view of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau regarding the social contract theory. This section critically analysis of the TFV principle represents a social contract between the business communities and accounting profession. Historical Background of Social Contract Theory: In the words of Evans, Baskerville and Nara (2015), social contract theory is a philosophy that views present the persons moral and political obligations are dependent upon an agreement/contract among them to form the society in that they residence. Philosophers use a social contract or agreement to explain to the behavior of prison and accept the death penalty. Social contract theory have developed in the late 17th century that rightly associated with political theory and modern moral or values that is firstly fully exposed and explained by Thomas Hobbes. Thomas Hobbes was first proponents then John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are popular proponents those contributed in social contract theory. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) faced the English Civil War (1642-1648) that impacted on their thoughts or views related to moral values and social lives (Evans, Baskerville and Nara, 2015). The war was a clash between the King and his supporters that described by Hobbes in the theory of the Divine Right of Kings. Hobbes' political theory is divided into two parts that are human motivation theory and social contract theory. Hobbes has first that explained a theory of human nature and human motivation that gives rise to a particular view of moral values and political lives of people. In addition, Albu, Albu Alexander (2013) stated that John Locke (1632-1704) uses Hobbes social contract theory to a quite different end as stated that men's uniting into common-wealth. Mens is united for preserving their lives, preservation of their wealth, liberty, and well-being and they resisting the authority of a civil government or King. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) has described two distinct social contract theories these are moral and political evolution of human beings theory and normative or idealized theory of the social contract. Rousseau's social contract theories presented a consistent view of people moral and political situation. According to social contract theory, valid and universally applicable moral or ethical rules can be identified by asking people what rules would voluntarily make if there were no moral or ethical rules. Not everyone would agree on the single rule that can be the subject of universal moral rules (Albu, Albu Alexander, 2013). All member o f society agree to social contract simply by participating in the society and making of universally moral rules. According to Matuszak, R?a?ska Macuda (2015), social contract theory has been one of the most dominant social theories within political theory and moral theory during the modern west history. In the 20th century, political theory and moral theory retained these philosophers view as some modern philosophers such as John Rawl, David Gauthier and others were followed by social contract theory philosophy to explain modern political theory and moral theory. In recent times, philosophers from different views have presented new criticisms of social contract theory. In addition, feminists and race conscious philosophers have argued that this theory is presented incomplete picture of people moral, values, political lives, class and social lives (Matuszak, R?a?ska Macuda, 2015). Social contract theories main principles are moral values and ethical codes that rational people with adopt the rules of social and political lives. Moral and ethical codes are the principles of social contract theor y that indicated it is related to the current accounting standards and principles of business. True and Fair View (TFV) Concept of Accounting: Salihin, Fatima Anam Ousama (2014) explained that accounting standards explained that each companies are prepared and presented the true and fair financial statement to prevent the interest of all stakeholders. Represent the fair and true financial statement is related to moral values and ethics of the accounting profession. The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) explained accounting standard that it is essential for any kinds of firms to apply in their business and prepared or presented the fair and true financial statement in from of stakeholders. It is essential for any kinds of companies are preparation of full, true and fair profit loss statement, balance sheets and cash flow statement to present accurate financial position of business in front of stakeholders and market (Salihin, Fatima and Anam Ousama, 2014). According to Vladu, Salas and Matis (2012), in the late nineteenth, the legal view of a TFV has traditionally favoured principle in financial statement has been shaped by the early twentieth century views of the courts in the audit functions and the purpose of prepare fair and accurate financial statement. In the recent times, fair and true view also consider as a concept of business ethics to prevent the right and interest of all stakeholders while prepare financial statement by present fair, accurate and correct financial position of the company. The business ethics is related to the social contract theory through explained that accountants, financial manager, CFO and auditor all are responsible to present fair and true financial condition of the company through followed accounting standards and business ethics (Vladu, Salas Matis, 2012). TFV indicates a social contract among the accounting profession and the business community: In the words of Alawattage (2011), the social contract theory and TFV principles are researched in the above section that present a social contract among the accounting profession and the business community. In other words, accounting profession does support the social contract as the TFV principle or concept explained the employees related to accounting profession doesn't capture the regulators for any sense of power. Accounting professionals does not right to misuse their power to represent financial misstatement and present unfair or wring financial reporting (Alawattage, 2011). It is essential for professionals those working in accounting profession behaved socially or ethically. Jahn and Brhl (2016) stated differently that the social contract theory is provide an idea that utilized in the accounting theory as it is given attention on employee moral values, ethics and fair work. According to social contract theory, moral, political and ethical obligations adopt as rules of accounting profession to examine business ethics and TFV questions. Social contract theory is used in accounting professional and the business community to evaluate questions in business ethics. Social contract theory has implications throughout several areas of accounting theory such as TFV concept, business ethics, environmental and sustainable reporting, corporate governance, and corporate social responsibility (Jahn Brhl, 2016). Jacobs (2012) presented their viewed in this topic through stated that the social concept theory is a base of philosophy of moral values, ethics and political science that has more recently been utilized to the study of account professional and business ethics. According to social contract theory, fair and universally applicable accounting principles or standards can be determined through evaluate what standards or principles would appropriate to business ethics and beneficial for business community. Every business community would agree to present the fair or true financial statement of the business as it can be subject of universal business ethical rules. Everyone would agree to fairness, transparence and pure financial reporting, so these can be related to social contract theory (Jacobs, 2012). The social contract theory is an unwritten and the strictly hypothesis agreement of moral rules that is not to violate by person or people. All business communities agree to business ethics and TFV rule not to violate by companies in the business world. In addition, Christensen, Nikolaev Wittenberg?Moerman (2016) predicted that three mainstream theories of business ethics application are related to social contract theory. In the past times, the stakeholders theory of accounting is explained the company has earned the largest possible profit for its owners and stakeholders without consider other stakeholders interest and business ethics. In the recent times, the stakeholder theory is applied the social contract theory through explained that profit earning is the main aim of business, but also considered the business ethics and prevent the interest of all stakeholders. The stakeholder theory is related to TFV accounting standards and social contract theory through considered all stakeholders interest while taking business ethical decision and present financial statements of the company. The stockholder theory now changed with stakeholder theory that explained a company is morally obliged to all parties and all stakeholders, including business partners, suppliers, owners or management, employees, distributors, customers, clients, the community and the environment (Christensen, Nikolaev Wittenberg?Moerman, 2016). Social contract theory agrees that all business community operate under an unwritten contract with the society and business world in that the company to do business under the business ethics that is beneficial for society, community and environment. Orij (2010) submitted that ethical decision in business can be strongly related to the social contract theory that explained the ethical decision-making process. Moreover, TFV represents a social contract theory is related to the accounting profession as fair and true value present the accurate financial statement for preventing common interest of stakeholders. Major companies applied stockholders theory and TFV principle to support business ethical decision that was most beneficial for the all stakeholders. Stakeholder theory would require the owner to consider the interest of stakeholders, community and environment. Social contract theory is required the owner to consider the interest of the stakeholders and business decision are impacted on society, community and stakeholders (Orij, 2010). In addition, social contract theory is the concept that applied in the study of business ethics, due to it is associated to broader business ethical issues on many business communities agree. Moreover, Shove (2010) argues that the TFV represents differently a social contract theory related to the accounting profession and the business communities through companies business decision based on ethics, morale and laws. Companies decision is based on provide substantial benefits from society through considered the common interest of stakeholders. In recent times, social contract theory is explained the companies contributed into the society through employing people, providing products or services, developing wealth and enhance living way or standard of the people (Shove, 2010). Jones (2010) presented the totally different viewed from other scholars as stated that changing business climate is also developed the need of implication of social contract in the accounting professional. In 2012, a study on the changing business climate in the America identified that 84% of companies or owners or management believe society and ethics as expects companies played an active role in social, political, environmental and business ethics issues. Most of these not agree that businesses to obey the law and ethics, but they also believed that businesses to reinvest in their communities and helped society or people in meeting their live needs. According to the social contract theory, changing business climate and changing customer expectation from businesses required the companies followed the laws and ethics and focused on corporate governance, sustainability and corporate social responsibility to invest in their communities. Social justice, social benefits and social equali ty are also considered by companies to apply the social contract theory in the business (Jones, 2010). True, fair and accurate financial statements indicate the company has followed the accounting standards or laws to maintain the social value of the business. Social Contract Theory Application in Accounting In order to explain relevance and application of the social contract to legitimacy theory in accounting, first there is need to understand the meaning of the social contract and legitimacy in the accounting. It is important to reach the specific conclusion and make this report is more qualitative. According to Islam (2014), a social contract is an unwritten and tacit agreement that is presented between the member of the society and employee of the organization. A social contract does not indicate to an actual contract. The idea of the social contract is not new, it is old of hundred years. In the simple words, the social contract appears when a group of people meet with individual needs in order to support them for their benefits. Social contract theory is well- known philosophical idea that determines the individuals ethical and political obligations related to an agreement that has in the business environment with others. In this, it is possible that the social contract can be in t he written form of the law (Mkel Nsi, 2010). In the business accounting, the social contract theory refers to the liabilities organizations to communicate in the business world. It also contains that corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and corporate philanthropy. There is a significant role of legitimacy theory in accounting the accounting. The term legitimacy is related to something legitimate that refers to refers to use of valid codes, customers, rules and standard during the accounting practices. The increasing the importance of using the appropriate accounting standard is also raised the concept of legitimacy theory in the accounting standard. The focus on the legitimacy in the accounting minimizes the uncertainties in the business process (Carnegie Napier, 2010). The legitimacy theory in accounting process helps an organization to maintain business risk as well as transparency in the business. In the simple words, the legitimacy theory in the accounting standard is quietly associated with transparency and fairness in the accounting process. The fairness and transparency in the accounting process is also a part of the ethical and social business practices. The legitimacy in the accounting concerns towards overall welfare of the business . The consideration of social contract in the accounting is important for the benefit of organizations and society. Along with this, involvement of social contract in accounting fulfills the necessity of the legitimacy theory through reducing the business risk and maintaining the transparency within the business. In the views of Ieng Chu et al (2012), legitimacy theory is the significant theory that achieves the support through concept of social contract. The social contract to legitimacy theory is an effective tool that motivates the business organizations for the environmental reporting. Along with this, social contract to legitimacy theory provides the excellent depiction to seek legitimize to ensure that business organizations are operating their business according to norms and bounds in relation to their respective societies. The social norms and bounds are being change over the time in relation to social values and norms which is required for the business organizations to modify their business reporting and recording practices. The change in the business reporting practices support the business organization in disclosing their environmental impact with the social perceptions. In support of this, Perks et al (2013) stated that social contract or corporate disclosures are important to legitimize the existence and actions of the business organizations. The legitimacy theory supports the notions of the business organizations that they use in their reporting policies and practices. It also indicates that business operations of the firm are consistent with the societys expectations and priorities. Nicholls (2010) stated that social contact affect the reliability and validity of the of the accounting works. In this way, most of the business organization involves the environmental issues or policies in accounting practices. The comprehensive system of environmental accounting is focused on the social contract to legitimacy theory in accounting. Researcher also find out that business organization should perform or behave in the socially responsible way for the sustainability development and engage with the environmental issues for the protection of business from the external environmental factors. At the same time, involvement of the business organizations in social contract dependent on the societys willingness that allow to business organizations to operate their business effectively. In the views of Jones (2010), social contract is the contract between the business organization and society, in this the main objective of business organization is to make the profits through complying or following the social responsibilities in effective manner. The concept of social contract is an underlying principle and different theories of the corporate disclosure are also based on this concept that provides the framework for reporting and studying the environmental issues and factors through business organizations. At the same time, Aribi Gao (2010) measured that business organizations including the social institutions operates their business in society by the helps of social contract. This helps the business organizations in achieving the business growth and survival of business through distributing the economic, social and political benefits to society people or groups. On the other hand, it is also analyses that if any business organization breaches the social contract the n it may affect the growth and brand image of business organization negatively. Social contract and its relevance to legitimacy theory in accounting: The legitimacy theory is defined that business organization can maintain their business operations to indicate that business organizations are getting the support from the community. Business organizations can get the support from the community in the form of results that society perceived from the business organizations, the business organizations can get the support from the society through complying with expectation of society (Bebbington et al, 2014). In the case, when business organizations does not satisfy the society through business operations in legitimate manner or in an acceptable then society breach the business organization social contract. In the view of Carnegie Napier (2010) the increasing business activities over the world is also increasing the organization regarding the social responsibility. The current business environment, 84 percent organizations are small and medial sizes enterprises that believe that social contract is a way of the growth in the business. It also plays a significant role in managing the social, political and environmental issues. In the accounting, not only documents say to follows the law but also social contract also says to follow legal responsibility regarding the business. Wallenburg Schffler (2014) presented the similar viewed of Carnegie and Napier (2010) and stated that the development in the communication and globalization raised the new opportunities for the business world. Social contract theory applications and relevance in accounting legitimacy theory critically discussed in this section. In this part, discusses the social contract theory application and relevance in the different accounting concepts, including TFV concept, stakeholder theory, business ethics, environmental and sustainable reporting, corporate governance, and corporate social responsibility. Social accounting theory application in TFV concept or principle, stakeholder theory and business ethics are already discussed in the above section, so it not described in this part (Wallenburg Schffler, 2014). The following are the others accounting theories that are relevance and application of the social contract theory: Social contract theory applications in corporate governance: According to Frynas and Stephens (2015), corporate governance is an importance concept of social theory contract in business through making sure that business not harmed community, environment and planet for their operations or functions. Corporate governance is an accounting policy that a company applied to follow the legal and ethical path to ensure sustainability of the business and environment. Corporate governance accounting concept is ensured that corporation follow the code of conduct/ethics to maintain transparence, fairness and accountability for achieving stakeholders trust and creating social value. Transparence, accountability and fairness in financial reporting ensured the organization has focused on society and community to consider the interest of the stakeholders (Frynas Stephens, 2015). The board of directors and management of the company are accountable and obliged for corporate governance those ensured t hat the investors and shareholders interests are not jeopardized. In addition, Christensen, Nikolaev Wittenberg, Moerman (2016) stated different viewed that the corporate governance theories cannot fully described the complexity and heterogeneity of corporate business. Corporate governance is different from country to country due to people different culture, moral values, ethics, political and social lives. Cultural, economical, political and social context of countries contribute to vary governance in developing countries and developed countries. The literature has confirmed that business world would bring about different perceptions towards corporate governance and the root of social contract theory is crucial (Christensen, Nikolaev Wittenberg, Moerman, 2016). It is significant to re-visit corporate governance in the conjunction of social contract theory with a new angle that has social and universal view and subjective from the perspective of political and social science. Social contract theory applications in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) theory: In the word of Lanis Richardson (2012), CSR is related to the corporate responsibility for the society, community and universe that is related to social contract theory. CSR strategies are applied by the companies to creating sustainable and renewable business solutions that is prevented and not harmed the society, people, and planet. CSR is based on the social contract theory that applied by the companies to fulfill their social responsibility and response to the wants and needs of its stakeholders with considered their interest. The CSR strategy applied by the companies to prevent the people, society, community and environment through apply the waste management as well as reuse and recycle of waste strategy (Lanis Richardson, 2012). The most of the companies focused on reduce waste and reduce carbon emissions that generated during the production under CSR activities/strategies to prevent the peop le and planet from the harmful gases. In addition, Parker (2011) explained similar views of Lanis and Richardson (2012) and described that the CSR strategy is also related to the accounting as it is the social responsibility of any organization to present the fair and true financial statements in front of people. The financial misstatement is affected the investors or shareholders investment decision or returns as well as affected the trust of stakeholders that is not ethical aspect of the business and indicated the company has not followed their social responsibility for the people. In recent times, CSR is becoming the importance business concept that required the all kinds of firms focused on it to maintain people trust and value of firm (Parker, 2011). In addition, Carroll Shabana (2010) stated totally different views from Parker (2011) and expressed that the concept of business ethics in the accounting means the employee of accounting or financial department must behave right and follow morals values or ethics to benefit everyone and all stakeholders in the society or community. The concept of business is different with the concept of corporate governance, sustainability, and CSR as ethics address to the values and morals a person or organization, while others practices involve a small part of each of these ethical areas. Ethics means corporations follow laws, regulations and business ethics to perform different business functions or activities for provide benefits of society, while corporate governance and CSR means corporations have responsibilities to protect the interest of other stakeholder. In addition, business ethics is associated with society or community, while CSR and governance related to people, environment and plane t (Carroll Shabana, 2010). Social contract theory is more related with business ethics as ethics indicated the morality and values relates to an individual person and organization. Social contract theory is also relevant with CSR as this concept represents the social responsibility of corporation to meet the expectation of the people. The above section indicated that the relevance and application of the social contract theory in the different accounting theories such as stakeholders theory, business ethics, corporate governance, CSR and others. The above literature reviewed justified that social contract theory is also applicable in the current accounting concepts and theories through indicated the organizations or managements focused on society and community. Conclusion It can be concluded that TFV (true and fair view) describes a social contract between the accounting profession and the business communities. The finding of the literature indicated that relevance and application of the social contract theory in accounting concepts, principles and standards. The main purpose of this paper was to understand historical background of social contract theory and TFV and its application in the accounting profession. This paper presented many controversies and debates regarding TFV are interrelated to social contract theory in accounting. It is essential to make separate assessment for both TFV and social contract theory in the application of accounting. Furthermore, it can be concluded that social contract theory is the base of TFV, business ethics, and accounting principles/standards, so that companies are agreed to focus or prevent of society, community, environment and planet, while doing business activities or functions. 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Blacks In Major League Baseball Essay Research free essay sample

Paper Blacks in Major League Baseball April 15th will convey the fifty-third day of remembrance of the first Afro-american to play in Major League Baseball. Blacks have now been an built-in portion of the game of baseball for the last 53 old ages and are go oning to happen their topographic point within the game. This term paper will discourse the history of inkinesss in major conference baseball, the function that they play now and how the game of baseball brings some signifier of release to the black people. Blacks have come a long manner in the game of baseball. Sports, and in this instance baseball, have become a signifier of release for the black people, whether they are playing the game or are merely fans of the participants that play the game. So when did inkinesss go a portion of major conference baseball and how far have they come since 1947? Let? s travel back to April 15, 1947. The Brooklyn Dodgers were playing in their season opener against the Boston Braves in Brooklyn. Everything had the feel of a traditional gap twenty-four hours of baseball, with exhilaration make fulling the air. On this twenty-four hours, nevertheless, there was a little more excitement drifting about than usual. Playing first base for the Dodgers was Jackie Robinson. Now that may non sound like a large trade to most, but it was a immense trade non merely for Jackie, but for black people all over the United States. Jackie Robinson was the first black adult male to play in the major conferences, therefore interrupting the colour barrier that had been portion of the game for over a half century. This created a new topographic point in the game for inkinesss and allowed for many others to expose their athletic endowments and accomplishments in a whole new conference. Previous to Jackie Robinson interrupting the colour barrier, inkinesss were relegated to playing in the proud but less recognizable Negro Leagues. There were many stars that played in the Negro Leagues such as Satchel Paige and Josh Gibson, to call a few, but that conference merely did non let adequate acknowledgment to the participants. There was a demand for the black baseball participants to be able to vie at the highest degree, on a bigger phase that would let more people to see their endowments. During the clip when Jackie Robinson broke the colour barrier, many of the white baseball participants were at or completing up in World War II. This gave some of the proprietors of the squads in the major conferences a ground to travel out and look for more participants that were really good. So possibly the fact that our state was at war really helped incorporate inkinesss into baseball and triggered the many that have followed in Jackie Robinson? s footfalls. There are many black professional baseball participants today and the tendency is go oning to increase. I look at a participant like Sammy Sosa. He plays for the Chicago Cubs and over the last two old ages has been hitting place tallies at an incredible gait. This is making such an exhilaration within the black community and in Sosa? s native Dominican Republic. But, non merely is it conveying exhilaration to inkinesss across the universe, but white people have besides recognized him for his accomplishments and begun to watch the high spot shows every dark merely to see how Sammy is making or if he is hitting more place tallies. This is one country that proves to me that baseball has come a long manner in that inkinesss are now looked upon as great baseball players, and non the? black baseball player. ? Many of the great participants presently in the major conferences are black. Some of the aces such as Ken Griffey Jr. , Sosa, and Pedro Martinez are black and this is giving an unbelievable encouragement to the black population. While I realize that playing in the major conferences is a hard end to achieve for anyone, this is conveying a signifier of release to melanize all over the universe. I realize that major conference baseball does non use a bulk of inkinesss in the United States, but the release for the inkinesss does non needfully hold to come straight from the conference. The participant wages for major leaguers have become rathe R hideous, and with salary parts to charities and other things, this is conveying more money into black communities. Yes, there is a little sum of the black population playing in the major conferences, but there is besides a little sum of Whites playing excessively. The fact is, merely a little fraction of the population of the United States is playing in the major conferences. That is non where I feel that the release comes from. I feel that the release for the black people comes through watching some of their fellow members win in such high profile places. It brings joy to members of the black community to see them wining now, merely 53 old ages after being allowed to take part in the game that they have enjoyed for merely every bit long as the Whites, but non allowed to vie on the same degree because of racial differences. Major conference baseball directors have long been the same as what baseball was for the first half of the twentieth century ; dominated by Whites. The figure of black directors is still comparatively low, but hopefully advancement will go on to be made. There are a few black directors presently pull offing such as Dusty Baker and Don Baylor, both whom are former major conference participants. The ground that there are likely non more black directors is that they have non been around major conference baseball every bit long as Whites. If you consider that a batch of directors in the big leagues are former participants, so this makes a small spot of sense because white people have been playing the in the major conferences much longer. There are many people forcing non merely for more black directors, but more minority directors in general. There are likely many grounds for these feelings but I can see what would be considered the major 1. With more black and other minority participant s, people in those communities are forcing for more minority managers to be at that place to back up the participants alternatively of predominately white managers. The last country that I will cover is the hereafter of inkinesss in major conference baseball. The hereafter of major conference baseball, in itself, lies within the development of young persons to go interested in the game and develop their accomplishments to go every bit good as they can perchance be. This involvement is being developed by more interior metropolis inkinesss now than of all time before in the history of baseball. Excitement within the black community is increasing by watching participants such as Griffey, Sosa and Martinez, and that is leting more childs to desire to play the game. The development of accomplishments will get down when the childs are immature, but will be enhanced when they either reach college or in the minor conferences. More chances are opening up throughout the state in colleges for inkinesss to play baseball because now people know that they can play at a really high degree. All of these factors together will maintain increasing the exhilaration for inkinesss all over and maintain the hereafter within baseball looking really bright. Over the last 53 old ages, inkinesss have become an built-in portion of major conference baseball and are go oning to turn within the athletics. The exhilaration that is within the black community at this point and clip is great and I believe that it will go on to turn. Not all inkinesss will hold a opportunity to play in the major conferences, but most of them will hold a favourite participant, or a function theoretical account, that they look up to and wish to emulate. From Jackie Robinson to Ken Griffey Jr. , there have been many great minutes created by black people throughout the last half century in the major conferences. Many inkinesss have major conference records that are still in topographic point today, the most noteworthy being Henry Aaron and his 755 calling place tallies. The Numberss for inkinesss are amazing over the old ages and with the exhilaration around the game now, there is no ground to believe that it will alter in the hereafter. Equally far as major conferenc e baseball is concerned, Jackie Robinson paved the manner for many inkinesss in baseball, and at that place have been many to follow his lead.

Role of Cloud Computing

Question: Discuss about the role of Cloud Computing. Answer: Introduction The IT resources in the cloud, that are shared between the end users are needed to be managed and allocated in a manner such that every user can get their required resources whenever they need and in a cost efficient manner (Beloglazov et al., 2012). Now to configure, maintain and monitor the resources. All this management issues in cloud systems are maintained by using different mechanisms, such as resource management system, remote administration system, management system of SLA and payment management system. This paper provides a detailed view of spatial information support for emergency conditions like disaster and planning based on cloud technology. To explore the service of cloud technology for sharing the resources, the big data are analyzed and it indicates the spatial data storage. Requirement of remote administration Remote administration of cloud is the mechanism that provides the interface and other tools that are used by the internal and external administrator. The role of the administrator is to configure and manage the cloud architecture and services. Some of the task are like configuring and setting up the services of cloud according to the requirement provided by the customer, managing the cost and usage of the cloud servers, managing the corporate customers, credentials relating authentication and security, monitoring the capacity of the cloud data centers, monitoring SLA document and quality of service etc. Remote administration using VPN The remote administration can be handled using virtual private network, It requires a strong network backbone that supports dual band network. One of the channel is used for sending and receiving the normal data of the user in VPN and the other channel is dedicated sending and receiving the administrative packets. Through VPN the remote branches can be connected to the headquarters or the main branch securely and efficiently. The advantage of using VPN in remote administration is that if the one channel is down the administrator can reach the network through the other channel and solve the problem remotely. Resource management In resource allocation also the cloud plays an important role that ensures the reliability of the cloud management. Some of the strategy that are adopted by the cloud service provider to manage the resources are linear scheduling strategy, pre copy approach, matchmaking and scheduling, just in time resource allocation (Beloglazov et al., 2012). Linear scheduling strategy is an algorithm that mainly focuses on the increase of the selected quality of service parameters. The resources are allocated among the users and the QosS parameter is increased. Pre copy approach copies the memory repeatedly from the source to the destination machine; this causes a lag in fetching the data and information and has a negative impact on the user. Matchmaking and scheduling fetches a pool of data from the resource table and allocates it to the different process on the job. Just in time resource allocation is the resource management technique used to minimize the standby time of any machine. The time intervals are set to different resources with a workload change on the cloud. SLA management SLA stands for Service Level Agreement. It is the contract between the cloud service provider and the customer, with a energetic IT manager the slowdown and the down time can be identified and repaired with less latency. When a problem occurs in the system the troubleshooting time should be minimum and the effect on the users should also be minimized. The SLA acts as standardization for the cloud service provider. The SLA provides a detailed view of the infrastructure of the company and the cost for the service. It specifies about the rights of the user to their data and the rights to retrieve those data. The details of the security and the action the user can take in case of failure of the terms are also mentioned in the SLA (Wu et al., 2012). There are certain criteria that the SLA must cover like data availability percentage, security, location of data, disaster recovery, performance, portability, management techniques and access to data. Spatial data infrastructure plays an important role in the current economy and with the involvement of current technology this technology can be virtualized and this removes the requirement of the centralized database system. The architecture of distributed spatial information system has to be interoperable in order to work efficiently. The main aim of the Spatial Information Act is the development of Australian Spatial Data Infrastructure (ASDI) (Dinh et al., 2013). The spatial management has the capability of emergency management and it discussed about the use of cloud service in achieving, accessing and managing spatial information access. Data backup in the cloud services The cloud service providers offer a huge storage space to its users with better processing speed, which leads the user to store more data to the cloud and have an access to it from any remote locations (Chen et al., 2012). The database storage space provided by the cloud server is scalable, which means that if the user requires more space for storing their files they can do it on the click of a mouse. The data that are stored in the cloud are encrypted at the source and then transferred to the storage location. There is a disadvantage of this cloud storage system that is if the data in the cloud storage gets destroyed or deleted due to some administrative mistake then there would be a huge loss for the company (Zissis Lekkas, 2012). The recovery time for a cloud backup system is more than the traditional backup system. When a large volume of data is needed to be restored the cloud service hosting the server sends the data required by some portable media devices. To avoid this situat ion the data should be stored redundantly in different locations such that in case of any disaster the data can be recovered. Cloud servers has more flexibility than traditional backup systems there is no need of extra hardware and the maintenance cost is zero for cloud servers. Conclusion The cloud service provided by any company is exposed to different threats like security and resource management. There are many flaws in the cloud system and avoid the loss of data and service the user and the cloud service provider should be aware. By implementing proper service level agreement and different backup and recovery techniques this shortcomings can be overcome and help the company to grow properly by using its advantage. The primary focus of this article is on the utility and management of cloud computing. The spatial data infrastructure can be used to resolve the risk and manage the cloud servers to work more efficiently. Reference: Beloglazov, A., Abawajy, J., Buyya, R. (2012). Energy-aware resource allocation heuristics for efficient management of data centers for cloud computing.Future generation computer systems,28(5), 755-768. Chen, D., Zhao, H. (2012, March). Data security and privacy protection issues in cloud computing. InComputer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 International Conference on(Vol. 1, pp. 647-651). IEEE. Dinh, H. T., Lee, C., Niyato, D., Wang, P. (2013). A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches.Wireless communications and mobile computing,13(18), 1587-1611. Wu, L., Garg, S. K., Buyya, R. (2012). SLA-based admission control for a Software-as-a-Service provider in Cloud computing environments.Journal of Computer and System Sciences,78(5), 1280-1299. Zissis, D., Lekkas, D. (2012). Addressing cloud computing security issues.Future Generation computer systems,28(3), 583-592.